Hiki i ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā olonā optical ke omo i ka ikehu māmā. Ma hope o ka omo ʻana o nā ʻāpana i loko o nā mea fiber optical i ka ikehu māmā, hana lākou i ka haʻalulu a me ka wela, a hoʻopuehu i ka ikehu, e hopena ana i ka nalowale ʻana o ka omo.E kālailai kēia ʻatikala i ka nalowale omo ʻana o nā mea fiber optical.
Ua ʻike mākou ua haku ʻia nā mea me nā ʻātoma a me nā molekala, a ua haku ʻia nā ʻātoma me nā nuclei atomika a me nā electrons extranuclear, e hoʻopuni ana a puni ka nucleus atomika ma kahi orbit. Ua like kēia me ka Honua a mākou e noho nei, a me nā hōkūhele e like me Venus a me Mars, e hoʻopuni ana a puni ka Lā. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia electron kahi nui o ka ikehu a aia i loko o kahi orbit, a i ʻole ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia orbit kahi pae ikehu.
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā pae ikehu orbital kokoke i ka nucleus atomika, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pae ikehu orbital mamao aku mai ka nucleus atomika.ʻO ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa o ka pae ikehu ma waena o nā orbits ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka pae ikehu. Ke neʻe nā electrons mai kahi pae ikehu haʻahaʻa i kahi pae ikehu kiʻekiʻe, pono lākou e omo i ka ikehu ma ka ʻokoʻa o ka pae ikehu e pili ana.
I loko o nā olonā optical, i ka wā e hoʻomālamalama ʻia ai nā electrons ma kahi pae ikehu i kekahi me ka mālamalama o kahi nalu e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa o ka pae ikehu, e neʻe nā electrons ma nā orbitals ikehu haʻahaʻa i nā orbitals me nā pae ikehu kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻopili kēia uila i ka ikehu māmā, e hopena ana i ka nalowale ʻana o ka mālamalama.
ʻO ka mea kumu no ka hana ʻana i nā olonā optical, ʻo silicon dioxide (SiO2), ponoʻī e omo i ka mālamalama, ʻo kekahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ultraviolet absorption a ʻo kekahi i kapa ʻia ʻo infrared absorption. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka kamaʻilio fiber optic maʻamau e hana wale ana ma ka pae nalu o 0.8-1.6 μ m, no laila e kūkākūkā wale mākou i nā pohō ma kēia wahi hana.
ʻO ka piko omo i hana ʻia e nā hoʻololi uila i loko o ke aniani quartz ma kahi o 0.1-0.2 μ m ka nalu ma ka ʻāpana ultraviolet. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka nalu, e emi mālie ana kona omo ʻana, akā ua ākea ka ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia, e hōʻea ana i nā nalu ma luna o 1 μ m. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nui ka hopena o ka omo ʻana o UV i nā olonā optical quartz e hana ana ma ka ʻāpana infrared. No ka laʻana, ma ka ʻāpana kukui ʻike ʻia ma kahi nalu o 0.6 μ m, hiki i ka omo ʻana o ultraviolet ke hiki i ka 1dB/km, kahi e emi ai i 0.2-0.3dB/km ma kahi nalu o 0.8 μ m, a ma kahi o 0.1dB/km wale nō ma kahi nalu o 1.2 μ m.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pohō omo infrared o ka fiber quartz e ka haʻalulu molekala o ka mea ma ka ʻāpana infrared. Aia kekahi mau piko omo haʻalulu ma ke kāʻei alapine ma luna o 2 μ m. Ma muli o ka mana o nā mea doping like ʻole i loko o nā fiber optical, ʻaʻole hiki i nā fiber quartz ke loaʻa kahi puka makani pohō haʻahaʻa ma ke kāʻei alapine ma luna o 2 μ m. ʻO ka pohō palena kumumanaʻo ma kahi nalu o 1.85 μ m ʻo ldB/km.Ma o ka noiʻi ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi aia kekahi mau "molekala luku" e hoʻopilikia nei i ke aniani quartz, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea haumia metala hoʻololi ʻino e like me ke keleawe, ka hao, ka chromium, ka manganese, a pēlā aku. Hoʻopili makeʻe kēia mau "mea ʻino" i ka ikehu māmā ma lalo o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ke kukui, lele a lele a puni, e nalowale ana ka ikehu māmā. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā "mea hoʻopilikia" a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika i nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā fiber optical hiki ke hōʻemi nui i nā pohō.
ʻO kekahi kumu omo i loko o nā olonā optical quartz ʻo ia ka pae hydroxide (OH-). Ua ʻike ʻia he ʻekolu mau piko omo o ka hydroxide i loko o ke kāʻei hana o ka fiber, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo 0.95 μm, 1.24 μm, a me 1.38 μm. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka pohō omo ma ka nalu o 1.38 μm ka mea koʻikoʻi loa a loaʻa ka hopena nui loa i ka fiber. Ma kahi nalu o 1.38 μm, ʻo ka pohō piko omo i hana ʻia e nā ion hydroxide me ka ʻike o 0.0001 wale nō e like me 33dB/km.
Ma hea mai kēia mau iona hydroxide? Nui nā kumu o nā iona hydroxide. ʻO ka mea mua, aia nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā fiber optical i ka makū a me nā hui hydroxide, he paʻakikī ke wehe i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe mea maka a noho hope loa ma ke ʻano o nā iona hydroxide i loko o nā fiber optical; ʻO ka lua, aia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka makū i loko o nā hui hydrogen a me oxygen i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā fiber optical; ʻO ke kolu, hana ʻia ka wai i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana ʻana o nā fiber optical ma muli o nā hopena kemika; ʻO ka hā, ʻo ke komo ʻana o ka ea waho e lawe mai i ka mahu wai. Eia nō naʻe, ua ulu nui ke kaʻina hana ʻana, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā iona hydroxide i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hiki ai ke hoʻowahāwahā ʻia kona hopena i nā fiber optical.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-23-2025