Hiki i ka mea i hana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā fiber optical hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka ikehu māmā. Ma hope o nā ʻāpana i loko o nā mea fiber optical e hoʻomoʻi i ka ikehu māmā, hana lākou i ka vibration a me ka wela, a hoʻopau i ka ikehu, e hopena i ka nalowale o ka absorption.E kālailai kēia ʻatikala i ka nalowale o ka absorption o nā mea fiber optical.
Ua ʻike mākou ua haku ʻia ka mea me nā ʻātoma a me nā molekala, a ua haku ʻia nā ʻātoma me nā nuclei atomika a me nā electron extranuclear, e hoʻohuli a puni ka nucleus atomika i kekahi orbit. Ua like kēia me ka Honua a mākou e noho nei, a me nā hōkūhele e like me Venus a me Mars, e hoʻopuni ana i ka Lā. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia electron ka nui o ka ikehu a aia ma kahi orbit, a i ʻole, ʻo kēlā me kēia orbit kekahi pae ikehu.
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā pae ikehu orbital kokoke i ka nucleus atomic, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā pae ikehu orbital mamao loa mai ka nucleus atomic.Ua kapa ʻia ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa pae ikehu ma waena o nā ʻōpuni. Ke hoʻololi ʻia nā electrons mai kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu, pono lākou e komo i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano like ʻole o ka ikehu.
I loko o nā fiber optical, i ka wā e hoʻomālamalama ʻia ai nā electrons ma kahi pae ikehu me ka mālamalama o ka lōʻihi hawewe e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa o ka pae ikehu, e hoʻololi nā electron i loaʻa ma nā orbital haʻahaʻa i nā orbital me nā pae ikehu kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻopili kēia electron i ka ikehu māmā, ka hopena i ka nalowale o ka mālamalama.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau no ka hana ʻana i nā fiber optical, silicon dioxide (SiO2), e hoʻomoʻi i ka mālamalama, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ultraviolet absorption a ʻo kekahi i kapa ʻia ʻo infrared absorption. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana wale ʻia ke kamaʻilio fiber optic ma ka laulā hawewe o 0.8-1.6 μm, no laila e kūkākūkā wale mākou i nā poho ma kēia wahi hana.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe absorption i hana ʻia e nā hoʻololi uila i loko o ke aniani quartz ma kahi o 0.1-0.2 μm ka lōʻihi o ka nalu i ka ʻāpana ultraviolet. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka nalu, e emi mālie kona absorption, akā ākea ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia, a hiki i nā lōʻihi nalu ma luna o 1 μm. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe hopena liʻiliʻi o UV absorption i nā quartz optical fibers e hana ana ma ka ʻāina infrared. No ka laʻana, ma ka ʻāpana kukui ʻike ʻia ma kahi hawewe o 0.6 μm, hiki i ka absorption ultraviolet ke hiki i 1dB / km, e emi ana i 0.2-0.3dB / km ma kahi hawewe o 0.8 μm, a ma kahi o 0.1dB / km wale nō ma kahi nalu o 1.2 μm.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka nalowale o ka infrared absorption o ka quartz fiber e ka molecular vibration o ka mea i loko o ka ʻāpana infrared. Aia kekahi mau piko hoʻoheheʻe haʻalulu ma ke alapine ma luna o 2 μm. Ma muli o ka mana o nā mea doping like ʻole i nā fiber optical, ʻaʻole hiki i nā fila quartz ke loaʻa kahi puka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka pā alapine ma luna o 2 μm. ʻO ka poho o ka palena manaʻo ma ka nalu nalu o 1.85 μm he ldB/km.Ma o ka noiʻi ʻana, ua ʻike pū ʻia aia kekahi mau "molekele luku" e hoʻopilikia ai i ke aniani quartz, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā metala haumia e like me ke keleawe, hao, chromium, manganese, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā 'pilikia' a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika i nā mea hana i hana ʻia i nā fiber optical hiki ke hōʻemi nui i nā poho.
ʻO kekahi kumu absorption i nā quartz optical fibers ʻo ka hydroxide (OH -) pae. Ua ʻike ʻia he ʻekolu absorption peaks o ka hydroxide i ka hui hana o ka fiber, ʻo ia ka 0.95 μm, 1.24 μm, a me 1.38 μm. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka nalowale o ka absorption ma ka nalu o 1.38 μm ka mea koʻikoʻi loa a loaʻa ka hopena nui loa i ka fiber. Ma kahi hawewe o 1.38 μm, ʻo ka absorption peak loss i hana ʻia e nā ion hydroxide me kahi maʻiʻo o 0.0001 wale nō ke kiʻekiʻe e like me 33dB/km.
No hea mai kēia mau ion hydroxide? Nui nā kumu o nā ion hydroxide. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā fibers optical i loko o ka moisture a me nā pūhui hydroxide, he mea paʻakikī ke wehe ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea maka a hoʻomau i ke ʻano o nā ion hydroxide i nā fibers optical; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen pūhui i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā fibers optical kahi liʻiliʻi o ka wai; ʻO ke kolu, hana ʻia ka wai i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o nā fiber optical ma muli o nā hopena kemika; ʻO ka hā, ʻo ke komo ʻana o ka ea waho e lawe mai i ka mahu wai. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke kaʻina hana i kahi pae nui, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike o nā ion hydroxide i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hiki ke nānā ʻole ʻia kona hopena i nā fibers optical.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Oct-23-2025