EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network)
ʻO ka Ethernet passive optical network kahi ʻenehana PON e pili ana i ka Ethernet. Hoʻohana ia i kahi kiko i ka multipoint structure a me ka passive fiber optic transmission, e hāʻawi ana i nā lawelawe he nui ma luna o Ethernet. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻenehana EPON e ka hui hana IEEE802.3 EFM. I Iune 2004, ua hoʻokuʻu ka hui hana IEEE802.3EFM i ka maʻamau EPON - IEEE802.3ah (hoʻohui ʻia i ka maʻamau IEEE802.3-2005 ma 2005).
Ma kēia maʻamau, ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻenehana Ethernet a me PON, me ka ʻenehana PON i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka papa kino a me ka protocol Ethernet i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka papa loulou data, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka topology o PON e hoʻokō i ka komo ʻana o Ethernet. No laila, hoʻohui ia i nā pono o ka ʻenehana PON a me ka ʻenehana Ethernet: ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ka bandwidth kiʻekiʻe, ka scalability ikaika, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka Ethernet i kēia manawa, ka hoʻokele kūpono, etc.
GPON (Gigabit-Capable PON)
ʻO ka ʻenehana ka hanauna hou loa o ka broadband passive optical integrated access standard ma muli o ITU-TG.984. x maʻamau, he nui nā mea maikaʻi e like me ka bandwidth kiʻekiʻe, ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka uhi ākea nui, a me nā mea hoʻohana waiwai. Manaʻo ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohana ʻo ia ka ʻenehana kūpono no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka broadband a me ka hoʻololi piha ʻana o nā lawelawe ʻoihana pūnaewele. Ua noi mua ʻia ʻo GPON e ka hui FSAN i Kepakemapa 2002. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻopau ʻo ITU-T i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ITU-T G.984.1 a me G.984.2 i Malaki 2003, a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo G.984.3 i Pepeluali a me Iune 2004. No laila, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻohana maʻamau o GPON.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻenehana GPON mai ka maʻamau ʻenehana ATMPON i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1995, a ʻo PON ke kū nei no "Passive Optical Network" ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania. ʻO GPON (Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) i manaʻo mua ʻia e ka hui FSAN i Kepakemapa 2002. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻopau ʻo ITU-T i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ITU-T G.984.1 a me G.984.2 i Malaki 2003, a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo G.984.3 i loko. ʻO Pepeluali a me Iune 2004. No laila, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻohana maʻamau o GPON. ʻO ke ʻano kumu o nā hāmeʻa e pili ana i ka ʻenehana GPON e like me ka PON i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka OLT (Optical Line Terminal) ma ke keʻena kikowaena, ONT/ONU (Optical Network Terminal or Optical Network Unit) ma ka hopena o ka mea hoʻohana, ODN (Optical Distribution Network. ) i haku ʻia me ka fiber mode hoʻokahi (SM fiber) a me ka mea hoʻokaʻawale passive, a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele pūnaewele e hoʻopili ana i nā mea hana ʻelua.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o EPON a me GPON
Hoʻohana ʻo GPON i ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale hawewe (WDM) e hiki ai i ka hoʻouka like ʻana a me ka hoʻoiho ʻana. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea lawe kelepona 1490nm no ka hoʻoiho ʻana, aʻo kahi mea lawe kelepona 1310nm i koho ʻia no ka hoʻouka ʻana. Inā pono e hoʻouna ʻia nā hōʻailona TV, e hoʻohana pū ʻia kahi mea lawe optical 1550nm. ʻOiai hiki i kēlā me kēia ONU ke hoʻokō i ka wikiwiki download o 2.488 Gbits/s, hoʻohana pū ʻo GPON i ka Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi manawa manawa no kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohana i ka hōʻailona manawa.
ʻO ka helu hoʻoiho kiʻekiʻe loa o XGPON a hiki i 10Gbits / s, a ʻo ka hoʻouka ʻana he 2.5Gbit / s. Hoʻohana pū ʻo ia i ka ʻenehana WDM, a ʻo nā nalu nalu o ka upstream a me ka downstream optical carriers he 1270nm a me 1577nm, kēlā me kēia.
Ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ONU e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻikepili like, me ka lōʻihi o ka uhi ʻana a hiki i 20km. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo XGPON, hāʻawi ia i kahi ala hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi no nā mea hana kamaʻilio optical.
Hoʻopili piha ʻia ʻo EPON me nā kūlana Ethernet ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻaʻohe pono no ka hoʻololi ʻana a i ʻole encapsulation ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā pūnaewele pili Ethernet, me ka uku nui o 1518 bytes. ʻAʻole koi ʻo EPON i ke ala komo CSMA/CD ma kekahi mau mana Ethernet. Eia kekahi, no ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana o Ethernet ke ʻano nui o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻoihana wahi kūloko, ʻaʻohe pono o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka protocol network i ka wā o ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi kikowaena metropolitan area.
Aia kekahi mana 10 Gbit/s Ethernet i koho ʻia ʻo 802.3av. ʻO ka wikiwiki laina maoli ʻo 10.3125 Gbits / s. ʻO ke ʻano nui he 10 Gbits/s uplink a me downlink rate, me kekahi e hoʻohana ana i 10 Gbits/s downlink a me 1 Gbit/s uplink.
Ke hoʻohana nei ka mana Gbit/s i nā lōʻihi nalu ʻokoʻa ma luna o ka fiber, me ka hawewe haʻahaʻa o 1575-1580nm a me ka lōʻihi nalu o luna o 1260-1280nm. No laila, hiki i ka ʻōnaehana 10 Gbit / s a me ka ʻōnaehana 1Gbit / s maʻamau ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nalu nalu ma ka fiber like.
Hoʻohui pāʻani ʻekolu
ʻO ka hui ʻana o ʻekolu mau ʻupena, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomohala ʻana mai ka ʻoihana kelepona, lekiō a me ke kelepona pūnaewele, a me ka Pūnaewele a hiki i ka ʻupena kamaʻilio broadband, ka ʻupena kīwī kikohoʻe, a me ka pūnaewele o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana, e loaʻa i nā pūnaewele ʻekolu, ma o ka hoʻololi ʻenehana. nā hana ʻenehana like, ka laulā pāʻoihana like, ka pilina pūnaewele, kaʻana like, a hiki ke hāʻawi i nā mea hoʻohana i ka leo, ʻikepili, lekiō a me ke kīwī a me nā lawelawe ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole manaʻo ka hui ʻekolu i ka hoʻohui kino ʻana o nā pūnaewele nui ʻekolu, akā pili nui i ka hui ʻana o nā noi ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā pūnaewele ʻekolu i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka lawe ʻana i ka naʻauao, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka hana aupuni, ka palekana lehulehu, a me nā hale palekana. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki i nā kelepona kelepona ke nānā i ka TV a me ka heʻe nalu i ka pūnaewele, hiki i ke TV ke kelepona a me ka heʻenalu i ka pūnaewele, a hiki i nā kamepiula ke hana kelepona a nānā i ke TV.
Hiki ke kālailai ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā pūnaewele ʻekolu i ka manaʻo mai nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā pae like ʻole, e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻenehana, ka hoʻohui ʻoihana, ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻoihana, ka hoʻohui terminal, a me ka hoʻohui pūnaewele.
ʻenehana broadband
ʻO ke kino nui o ka ʻenehana broadband ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio fiber optic. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu o ka convergence pūnaewele ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lawelawe i hui ʻia ma o kahi pūnaewele. No ka hoʻolakoʻana i nā lawelawe i hui pūʻia, pono e loaʻa kahi pūnaewele pūnaewele e hiki ke kākoʻo i ka hoʻounaʻana i nā lawelawe multimedia (streaming media) e like me ka leo a me ka wikiō.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau ʻoihana he koi ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe, ka nui o ka ʻikepili, a me nā koi o ka lawelawe kiʻekiʻe, no laila makemake lākou i ka bandwidth nui loa i ka wā o ka hoʻouna ʻana. Eia kekahi, mai ka ʻike waiwai, ʻaʻole pono ke kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai. Ma kēia ala, ua lilo ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio fiber optic kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ke koho maikaʻi loa no ka media hoʻouna. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana broadband, ʻoi aku ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio optical, hāʻawi i ka bandwidth pono, ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻouna ʻana, a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā ʻike ʻoihana like ʻole.
Ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana pou i ke kahua kamaʻilio o kēia wā, ke ulu nei ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio optical ma kahi o 100 mau manawa ulu i kēlā me kēia 10 makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka fiber optic me ka mana nui ke kahua hoʻouna kūpono no nā "ʻekolu pūnaewele" a me ka mea lawe kino nui o ke alaloa ʻike e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio fiber optic nui i nā ʻoihana kelepona, ʻenehana kamepiula, a me nā ʻoihana hoʻolaha a me ke kīwī.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-12-2024