Ma muli o nā makahiki o ka ʻike noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lako Pūnaewele, ua kūkākūkā mākou i nā ʻenehana a me nā hoʻonā no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka pūnaewele home broadband i loko. ʻO ka mea mua, kālailai ia i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka maikaʻi o ka pūnaewele home broadband i loko, a hōʻuluʻulu i nā mea like ʻole e like me ka fiber optics, nā gateways, nā routers, Wi-Fi, a me nā hana a ka mea hoʻohana e hoʻoulu ai i nā pilikia maikaʻi o ka pūnaewele home broadband i loko. ʻO ka lua, e hoʻolauna ʻia nā ʻenehana uhi pūnaewele hou i hōʻailona ʻia e Wi-Fi 6 a me FTTR (Fiber To The Room).
1. Ka nānā ʻana i nā pilikia maikaʻi o ka pūnaewele kūloko o ka home broadband
Ma ke kaʻina hana oFTTH(fiber-i-home), ma muli o ka mana o ka mamao hoʻoili optical, ka māhele optical a me ka nalowale o ka hāmeʻa pili, a me ke kūlou ʻana o ka fiber optical, haʻahaʻa paha ka mana optical i loaʻa e ka gateway a kiʻekiʻe paha ka helu hewa bit, e hopena ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka helu pohō packet o ka hoʻoili lawelawe papa luna. , hāʻule ka helu.
Eia nō naʻe, haʻahaʻa ka hana lako o nā puka komo kahiko, a ʻo nā pilikia e like me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka CPU a me ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka wela nui o nā lako e hiki ke loaʻa, e hopena ana i nā hoʻomaka hou ʻole a me nā hāʻule ʻana o nā puka komo. ʻAʻole kākoʻo nā puka komo kahiko i nā wikiwiki pūnaewele gigabit, a loaʻa pū kekahi mau puka komo kahiko i nā pilikia e like me nā ʻāpana kahiko, kahi e alakaʻi ai i kahi ākea nui ma waena o ka waiwai wikiwiki maoli o ka pilina pūnaewele a me ka waiwai theoretical, kahi e kaupalena hou ai i ka hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike pūnaewele o ka mea hoʻohana. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā puka komo home akamai kahiko i hoʻohana ʻia no 3 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha ma ka pūnaewele ola e noho mau ana i kahi hapa a pono e hoʻololi ʻia.
ʻO ke kaula alapine 2.4GHz ka kaula alapine ISM (ʻOihana-ʻEpekema-Medical). Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he kaula alapine maʻamau no nā kikowaena lekiō e like me ka pūnaewele wahi kūloko uea ʻole, ʻōnaehana komo uea ʻole, ʻōnaehana Bluetooth, ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio kiko-i-kiko a i ʻole kiko-i-multipoint spread spectrum, me nā kumuwaiwai alapine liʻiliʻi a me ka bandwidth palena. I kēia manawa, aia nō kekahi hapa o nā puka komo e kākoʻo ana i ke kaula alapine Wi-Fi 2.4GHz i loko o ka pūnaewele e kū nei, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hoʻopilikia alapine co-frequency/adjacent.
Ma muli o nā hewa polokalamu a me ka hana lako pono ʻole o kekahi mau puka komo, ua hāʻule pinepine nā pilina PPPoE a hoʻomaka hou ʻia nā puka komo, e hopena ana i ka hoʻopau pinepine ʻana o ke komo ʻana i ka Pūnaewele no nā mea hoʻohana. Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka pilina PPPoE (no ka laʻana, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka loulou hoʻoili uplink), loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea hana puka komo nā kūlana hoʻokō kūlike ʻole no ka ʻike ʻana i ka puka WAN a me ka hana hou ʻana i ke kelepona PPPoE. ʻIke kekahi mau puka komo o nā mea hana i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 20 kekona, a kāhea hou ma hope o 30 mau ʻike i hāʻule. ʻO ka hopena, he 10 mau minuke no ka puka komo e hoʻomaka koke i ka pāʻani PPPoE ma hope o ka hele ʻana ma waho o ka pūnaewele, e hoʻopilikia nui ana i ka ʻike o ka mea hoʻohana.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā puka komo home o nā mea hoʻohana me nā routers (i kapa ʻia ma hope aku he "routers"). Ma waena o kēia mau routers, he nui wale nō ke kākoʻo nei i nā awa WAN 100M, a i ʻole (a) kākoʻo wale iā Wi-Fi 4 (802.11b/g/n).
ʻO kekahi mau mea hana ala hele he hoʻokahi wale nō o nā awa WAN a i ʻole nā kuʻina Wi-Fi e kākoʻo ana i nā wikiwiki pūnaewele Gigabit, a lilo i mau ala hele "pseudo-Gigabit". Eia kekahi, ua pili ka ala hele i ka puka komo ma o ke kaula pūnaewele, a ʻo ke kaula pūnaewele i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana he kaula mahele 5 a i ʻole mahele super 5, nona ke ola pōkole a nāwaliwali ka hiki ke pale i ke komo ʻana, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e kākoʻo wale i ka wikiwiki 100M. ʻAʻohe o nā ala hele a me nā kaula pūnaewele i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei e hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi hoʻomohala o nā pūnaewele gigabit a me super-gigabit ma hope. Hoʻomaka hou kekahi mau ala hele ma muli o nā pilikia maikaʻi o ka huahana, e hoʻopilikia nui ana i ka ʻike o ka mea hoʻohana.
ʻO Wi-Fi ke ʻano uhi uila nui o loko, akā ua kau ʻia nā puka komo home he nui i loko o nā pahu au nāwaliwali ma ka puka o ka mea hoʻohana. Ma muli o ka wahi o ka pahu au nāwaliwali, ka mea o ka uhi, a me ke ʻano hale paʻakikī, ʻaʻole lawa ka hōʻailona Wi-Fi e uhi i nā wahi āpau o loko. ʻO ka mamao o ka hāmeʻa terminal mai ke kikowaena komo Wi-Fi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keʻakeʻa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nalowale o ka ikaika hōʻailona, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka pilina paʻa ʻole a me ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻeke ʻikepili.
I ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana i loko o nā polokalamu Wi-Fi he nui, kū pinepine nā pilikia hoʻopilikia alapine like a me ke kahawai pili ma muli o nā hoʻonohonoho kahawai kūpono ʻole, e hoʻemi hou ana i ka wikiwiki o ka Wi-Fi.
Ke hoʻohui kekahi poʻe hoʻohana i ke alalai i ka puka komo, ma muli o ka nele o ka ʻike loea, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohui i ke alalai i ka puka pūnaewele ʻaʻole gigabit o ka puka komo, a i ʻole ʻaʻole paha lākou e hoʻohui pono i ke kaula pūnaewele, e hopena ana i nā puka pūnaewele palupalu. I kēia mau hihia, ʻoiai inā kau inoa ka mea hoʻohana i ka lawelawe gigabit a hoʻohana paha i kahi alalai gigabit, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke loaʻa nā lawelawe gigabit paʻa, kahi e lawe mai ai i nā pilikia no nā mea hoʻohana e hoʻoponopono i nā hewa.
Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe hoʻohana he nui loa nā hāmeʻa i pili i ka Wi-Fi ma ko lākou mau home (ʻoi aku ma mua o 20) a i ʻole he nui nā noi e hoʻoiho i nā faila ma ka wikiwiki i ka manawa like, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i nā hakakā koʻikoʻi o ke kahawai Wi-Fi a me nā pilina Wi-Fi paʻa ʻole.
Hoʻohana kekahi poʻe mea hoʻohana i nā kikowaena kahiko e kākoʻo wale ana i ka hui alapine (frequency band) Wi-Fi 2.4GHz hoʻokahi alapine (frequency) a i ʻole nā kuʻina Wi-Fi kahiko, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi ʻike Pūnaewele paʻa a wikiwiki hoʻi.
2. Nā ʻenehana hou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pūnaewele o lokoQkūlana
ʻO nā lawelawe bandwidth kiʻekiʻe a me ka latency haʻahaʻa e like me ke wikiō wehewehe kiʻekiʻe 4K/8K, AR/VR, ka hoʻonaʻauao pūnaewele, a me ke keʻena home e lilo mālie nei i mau pono paʻa o nā mea hoʻohana home. Hoʻonui kēia i nā koi kiʻekiʻe ma ka maikaʻi o ka pūnaewele broadband home, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka pūnaewele home broadband i loko. ʻO ka pūnaewele home broadband i loko e kū nei ma muli o ka ʻenehana FTTH (Fiber To The House, fiber to the home) ua paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i nā koi i luna. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā ʻenehana Wi-Fi 6 a me FTTR ke hoʻokō maikaʻi i nā koi lawelawe i luna a pono e hoʻolaha ʻia ma kahi nui i ka hikiwawe loa.
Wi-Fi 6
I ka makahiki 2019, ua kapa ka Wi-Fi Alliance i ka ʻenehana 802.11ax ʻo Wi-Fi 6, a ua kapa i nā ʻenehana 802.11ax a me 802.11n ma mua ʻo Wi-Fi 5 a me Wi-Fi 4.
Wi-Fi 6hoʻolauna ʻo OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, multi-user multiple-input multiple-output technology), 1024QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation) a me nā ʻenehana hou ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka nui o ka hoʻoiho ʻana i ka 9.6Gbit/s. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻenehana Wi-Fi 4 a me Wi-Fi 5 i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoili ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke hui pū ʻana, haʻahaʻa ka lohi o ka lawelawe, ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka uhi ʻana a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana terminal.
FTTRTʻenehana
ʻO FTTR e pili ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā puka komo āpau-optical a me nā sub-devices i nā home ma ke kumu o FTTH, a me ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka uhi ʻana o ka fiber optical i nā lumi mea hoʻohana ma oPONʻenehana.
ʻO ka puka komo nui FTTR ke kikowaena o ka pūnaewele FTTR. Hoʻopili ʻia i luna i ka OLT e hāʻawi i ka fiber-to-the-home, a i lalo e hāʻawi i nā awa optical e hoʻopili i nā puka komo kauā FTTR he nui. Hoʻopili ka puka komo kauā FTTR me nā lako terminal ma o Wi-Fi a me Ethernet interfaces, hāʻawi i kahi hana bridging e hoʻouna i ka ʻikepili o nā lako terminal i ka puka komo nui, a ʻae i ka hoʻokele a me ka kaohi o ka puka komo nui FTTR. Hōʻike ʻia ka pūnaewele FTTR ma ke kiʻi.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano kuʻuna e like me ka pūnaewele uwea pūnaewele, ka pūnaewele laina mana, a me ka pūnaewele uea ʻole, loaʻa i nā pūnaewele FTTR nā pono penei.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o nā lako pūnaewele a me ka bandwidth kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ka pilina fiber optical ma waena o ka master gateway a me ka slave gateway ke hoʻonui maoli i ka bandwidth gigabit i kēlā me kēia lumi o ka mea hoʻohana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka pūnaewele home o ka mea hoʻohana ma nā ʻano āpau. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pūnaewele FTTR i ka bandwidth hoʻoili a me ke kūpaʻa.
ʻO ka lua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uhi ʻana o Wi-Fi a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe. ʻO Wi-Fi 6 ka hoʻonohonoho maʻamau o nā puka komo FTTR, a hiki i ka puka komo haku a me ka puka komo kauā ke hāʻawi i nā pilina Wi-Fi, e hoʻomaikaʻi pono ana i ke kūpaʻa o ka pūnaewele Wi-Fi a me ka ikaika o ka uhi ʻana i nā hōʻailona.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka intranet pūnaewele home e nā mea e like me ka hoʻolālā pūnaewele home, nā lako mea hoʻohana, a me nā kikowaena mea hoʻohana. No laila, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka pūnaewele home he pilikia paʻakikī ma ka pūnaewele ola. Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia hui kamaʻilio a i ʻole ka mea lawelawe pūnaewele i kāna hopena ponoʻī. No ka laʻana, nā hopena loea no ka loiloi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka intranet pūnaewele home a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka maikaʻi ʻole; e hoʻomau i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻikepili nui a me ka ʻenehana naʻauao artificial i ke kahua o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā pūnaewele home broadband i loko; paipai i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻenehana FTTR a me Wi-Fi 6 Wide network quality base a me nā mea hou aku.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-08-2023